September 7

September 7 is the 250th day of the year (251st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. There are 115 days remaining until the end of the year.

Events

• 70 – A Roman army under Titus occupies and plunders Jerusalem.
• 1191 – Third Crusade: Battle of Arsuf – Richard I of England defeats Saladin at Arsuf.
• 1652 – Around 15,000 Han farmers and militia rebel against Dutch rule on Taiwan.
• 1776 – World's first submarine attack: the American submersible craft Turtle attempts to attach a time bomb to the hull of British Admiral Richard Howe's flagship HMS Eagle in New York Harbor.
• 1812 – Napoleonic Wars: Battle of Borodino – Napoleon wins a Pyrrhic victory over the Russian army of Alexander I near the village of Borodino.
• 1818 – Carl III of Sweden-Norway is crowned king of Norway, in Trondheim.
• 1821 – The Republic of Gran Colombia (a federation covering much of present day Venezuela, Colombia, Panama, and Ecuador) is established, with Simón Bolívar as the founding President and Francisco de Paula Santander as vice president.

Brazil declares independence.

• 1822 – Dom Pedro I declares Brazil independent from Portugal on the shores of the Ipiranga creek in São Paulo.
• 1860 – Steamship Lady Elgin sinks on Lake Michigan, with the loss of around 400 lives.
• 1864 – American Civil War: Atlanta, Georgia, is evacuated on orders of Union General William Tecumseh Sherman.
• 1876 – In Northfield, Minnesota, Jesse James and the James-Younger Gang attempt to rob the town's bank but are driven off by armed citizens.
• 1893 – The Genoa Cricket & Athletic Club, to become the first Italian football club, is established by British expats.
• 1895 – The first game of what would become known as rugby league football is played, in England, starting the 1895-96 Northern Rugby Football Union season.
• 1901 – The Boxer Rebellion in China officially ends with the signing of the Boxer Protocol.
• 1906 – Alberto Santos-Dumont flies his 14-bis aircraft at Bagatelle, France for the first time successfully.
• 1907 – Cunard Line's RMS Lusitania sets sail on her maiden voyage from Liverpool, England to New York City.
• 1909 – Eugene Lefebvre (1878–1909), while test piloting a new French-built Wright biplane, crashes at Juvisy, France when his controls jam. Lefebvre dies, becoming the first 'pilot' in the world to lose his life in a powered heavier-than-air craft.
• 1911 – French poet Guillaume Apollinaire is arrested and put in jail on suspicion of stealing the Mona Lisa from the Louvre museum.
• 1916 – Federal employees win the right to Workers' compensation by Federal Employers Liability Act (39 Stat. 742; 5 U.S.C. 751)
• 1920 – Two newly purchased Savoia flying boats crash in the Swiss Alps en-route to Finland where they would serve with the Suomen Ilmavoimat, killing both crews.
• 1921 – In Atlantic City, New Jersey, the first Miss America Pageant, a two-day event, is held.
• 1922 – In Aydin, Turkey, independence of Aydin, from Greek occupation.
• 1927 – The first fully electronic television system is achieved by Philo Taylor Farnsworth.
• 1929 – Steamer Kuru capsizes and sinks on Lake Näsijärvi near Tampere in Finland. 136 lives are lost.
• 1936 – The last surviving member of the thylacine species, Benjamin, dies alone in her cage at the Hobart Zoo in Tasmania.
• 1940 – World War II: The Blitz – Nazi Germany begins to rain bombs on London. This will be the first of 57 consecutive nights of bombing.
• 1940 – Treaty of Craiova: Romania loses Southern Dobrudja to Bulgaria.
• 1942 – Holocaust: 8,700 Jews of Kolomyia (western Ukraine) sent by German Gestapo to death camp in Belzec.
• 1942 – First flight of the Consolidated B-32 Dominator.
• 1943 – A fire at the Gulf Hotel in Houston, Texas, kills 55 people.
• 1943 – World War II: The German 17th Army begins its evacuation of the Kuban River bridgehead (Taman Peninsula) in southern Russia and moves across the Strait of Kerch to the Crimea.
• 1945 – Japanese forces on Wake Island, which they had held since December of 1941, surrender to U.S. Marines.
• 1953 – Nikita Khrushchev is elected first secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union.
• 1963 – The Pro Football Hall of Fame opens in Canton, Ohio with 17 charter members.
• 1965 – China announces that it will reinforce its troops on the Indian border.
• 1965 – Vietnam War: In a follow-up to August's Operation Starlight, United States Marines and South Vietnamese forces initiate Operation Piranha on the Batangan Peninsula.
• 1970 – An anti-war rally is held at Valley Forge, Pennsylvania, attended by John Kerry, Jane Fonda and Donald Sutherland.
• 1970 – Fighting between Arab guerillas and government forces in Amman, Jordan.
• 1970 – Bill Shoemaker sets record for most lifetime wins as a jockey (passing Johnny Longden).
• 1977 – The Torrijos-Carter Treaties between Panama and the United States on the status of the Panama Canal are signed. The United States agrees to transfer control of the canal to Panama at the end of the 20th century.
• 1978 – While walking across Waterloo Bridge in London, Bulgarian dissident Georgi Markov is assassinated by Bulgarian secret police agent Francesco Giullino by means of a ricin pellet fired from a specially-designed umbrella.
• 1978 – British Prime Minister James Callaghan announces that he will not call a general election for October, considered to be a major political blunder (see Winter of Discontent, United Kingdom general election, 1979)
• 1979 – The Entertainment and Sports Programming Network, better known as ESPN, makes its debut.
• 1979 – The Chrysler Corporation asks the United States government for USD $1.5 billion to avoid bankruptcy.
• 1986 – Desmond Tutu becomes the first black man to lead the Anglican Church in South Africa.
• 1986 – Gen. Augusto Pinochet, president of Chile, escapes attempted assassination.
• 1988 – Abdul Ahad Mohmand, the first Afghan in space, returns aboard the Soviet spacecraft Soyuz TM-5 after 9 days on the Mir space station.
• 1996 – American Hip-Hop star Tupac Shakur is fatally shot four times on the Las Vegas strip after leaving the Tyson-Seldon boxing match.
• 1999 – A 5.9 magnitude earthquake rocks Athens, rupturing a previously unknown fault, killing 143, injuring more than 500, and leaving 50,000 people homeless.
• 2004 – Hurricane Ivan, a Category 5 hurricane hits Grenada, killing 39 and damaging 90% of its buildings.
• 2005 – First presidential election is held in Egypt.
• 2008 – The US Government takes control of the two largest mortgage financing companies in the US, Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac.

Births

• 786 – Emperor Saga, 52nd Emperor of Japan (d. 842)
• 1438 – Louis II, Landgrave of Hesse (d. 1471)
• 1524 – Thomas Erastus, Swiss theologian (d. 1583)
• 1533 – Queen Elizabeth I of England (d. 1603)
• 1674 – Ernest Augustus (d. 1728)
• 1683 – Mary Anne of Austria, Archduchess of Austria and Queen consort of Portugal (d. 1754)
• 1694 – Johan Ludvig, Danish policitian (d. 1763)
• 1705 – Matthäus Günther, German painter (d. 1788)
• 1707 – Georges-Louis Leclerc, Comte de Buffon, French naturalist, biologist and author (d. 1788)
• 1726 – François-André Danican Philidor, French chess player and composer (d. 1795)
• 1740 – Johan Tobias Sergel, Swedish sculptor (d. 1814)
• 1777 – Heinrich Stölzel, German musician and composer (d. 1844)
• 1810 – Hermann Heinrich Gossen, Prussian economist (d. 1858)
• 1815 – John McDouall Stuart, Australian explorer (d. 1866)
• 1817 – Louise of Hesse-Kassel (or Hesse-Cassel), queen of Denmark (d. 1898)
• 1818 – Thomas Talbot, 31^st Governor of Massachusetts (d. 1886)
• 1819 – Thomas A. Hendricks, 21^st Vice President of the United States (d. 1885)
• 1829 – Friedrich August Kekulé von Stradonitz, German organic chemist (d. 1896)
• 1831 – Alexandre Falguière, French sculptor and painter (d. 1900)
• 1836 – August Toepler, German physicist (d. 1912)
• 1842 – Johannes Zukertort, German chess master (d. 1888)
• 1851 – Edward Ashael Birge, American pioneer in limnology (d. 1950)
• 1855 – William Friese-Greene, British photographer (d. 1921)
• 1860 – Grandma Moses, American painter (d. 1961)
• 1862 – Sir Edgar Speyer, American-born British financier and philanthropist (d. 1932)
• 1866 – Tristan Bernard, French playwright and novelist (d. 1947)
• 1867 – Albert Bassermann, German actor (d. 1952)
• 1869 – Ben Viljoen, South African Boer general and circus act (d. 1917)
• 1870 – Aleksandr Kuprin, Russian writer, pilot, explorer and adventurer (d. 1938)
• 1870 – Thomas Curtis, American athlete (d. 1944)
• 1876 – C.J. Dennis, Australian poet and writer (d. 1938)
• 1877 – Mike O'Neill, Irish baseball player (d. 1959)
• 1885 – Elinor Wylie, American poet and novelist (d. 1928)
• 1887 – Edith Sitwell, British poet and critic (d. 1964)
• 1892 – Oscar O'Brien, Canadian folklorist, composer and Roman Catholic priest (d. 1958)
• 1894 – George Waggner, American producer (d.1984)
• 1908 – Paul Brown, American football coach and executive (d. 1991)
• 1908 – Michael DeBakey, American cardiac surgeon (d. 2008)
• 1909 – Elia Kazan, Greek-born American film and theater director (d. 2003)
• 1911 – Todor Zhivkov, Bulgarian Communist leader during the Cold War (d. 1998)
• 1912 – David Packard, American electrical engineer and businessman (d. 1996)
• 1913 – Anthony Quayle, British actor and director (d. 1989)
• 1914 – Graeme Bell, Australian pianist and composer
• 1914 – James Van Allen, American space scientist (d. 2006)
• 1917 – John Cornforth, Australian chemist, Nobel Prize laureate
• 1917 – Jacob Lawrence, American painter (d. 2000)
• 1917 – Ewen Solon, New Zealand actor (d.1985)
• 1919 – Alberic Schotte, Belgian cyclist (d. 2004)
• 1920 – Al Caiola, American guitarist
• 1921 – Josep Lluís Núñez, Spanish President of FC Barcelona (1978 – 2000)
• 1921 – Arthur Ferrante, American pianist (d. 2009)
• 1922 – Lucien Jarraud, Canadian radio host (d. 2007)
• 1923 – Peter Lawford, British-born American actor (d. 1984)
• 1924 – Bridie Gallagher, Irish singer
• 1924 – Daniel Inouye, American senator (Hawaii) and Medal of Honor recipient
• 1924 – Leonard Rosenman, American film and television composer (d. 2008)
• 1925 – Laura Ashley, British designer (d. 1985)
• 1925 – Allan Blakeney, Canadian politician
• 1926 – Erich Juskowiak, German footballer (d. 1983)
• 1926 – Don Messick, American voice actor (d. 1997)
• 1927 – Claire L'Heureux-Dubé, French Canadian judge
• 1927 – Eric Hill, British children's Author
• 1930 – Sonny Rollins, American jazz saxophonist
• 1930 – Baudouin I, King of the Belgians (d. 1993)
• 1934 – Little Milton, American musician (d. 2005)
• 1934 – Omar Karami, Prime Minister of Lebanon
• 1934 – Mary Bauermeister, German artist
• 1934 – Rabbi Meir Brandsdorfer, Belgian-born member of the Rabbinical Court of the Edah HaChareidis, Jerusalem (d. 2009)
• 1935 – Denis Vaugeois, Canadian author, historian and politician
• 1935 – Ronnie Dove, American singer
• 1936 – Buddy Holly, American singer (The Crickets) (d. 1959)
• 1936 – Apostolos Kaklamanis, Greek politician
• 1937 – John Phillip Law, American actor (d. 2008)
• 1937 – Cüneyt Arkın, Turkish film actor
• 1937 – Oleg Lobov, Prime Minister of Russia
• 1940 – Dario Argento, Italian film director
• 1940 – Abdurrahman Wahid, 4th President of Indonesia (d. 2009)
• 1942 – Alan Oakes, British Footballer
• 1943 – Lena Valaitis, Lithuanian-German Schlager singer
• 1943 – Beverley McLachlin, Chief Justice of Canada
• 1944 – Bertel Haarder, Danish politician
• 1944 – Earl "the Goat" Manigault, American basketball player (d. 1998)
• 1945 – Jacques Lemaire, Canadian ice hockey player and coach
• 1946 – Willie Crawford, American baseball player (d. 2004)
• 1949 – Gloria Gaynor, American disco singer
• 1949 – Barry Siegel, American journalist
• 1950 – Julie Kavner, American actress
• 1951 – Morris Albert, Brazilian singer
• 1951 – Chrissie Hynde, American guitarist and singer (The Pretenders)
• 1951 – Mark Isham, American composer
• 1952 – Susan Blakely, American actress
• 1952 – Ricardo Tormo, Spanish motocyclist (d. 1998)
• 1953 – Benmont Tench, American keyboardist
• 1954 – Corbin Bernsen, American actor
• 1954 – Michael Emerson, American actor
• 1955 – Efim Zelmanov, Russian mathematician
• 1955 – Mira Furlan, Croatian actress
• 1955 – Leonard Haze, American-born rock drummer, songwriter and producer (ex-Y&T)
• 1956 – Byron Stevenson, British footballer (d. 2007)
• 1956 – Diane Warren, American song writer
• 1957 – Jermaine Stewart, American pop singer (Shalamar) (d. 1997)
• 1960 – Andrew Voss, Australian television personality
• 1961 – LeRoi Moore, American Saxophonist (Dave Matthews Band) (d. 2008)
• 1961 – Jean-Yves Thibaudet, French Pianist
• 1962 – Jennifer Egan, American novelist
• 1963 – Eazy-E, American rapper (N.W.A.) (d. 1995)
• 1963 – Brent Liles, American punk rock bassist of Social Distortion (d. 2007)
• 1964 – Andy Hug, Swiss Seidokaikan and Kyokushin karateka and kickboxer (d. 2000)
• 1965 – Andreas Thom, German footballer
• 1965 – Uta Pippig, German athlete
• 1965 – Darko Pančev, Macedonian footballer
• 1965 – Angela Gheorghiu, Romanian opera singer
• 1967 – Toby Jones, British actor
• 1969 – Darren Bragg, American baseball player
• 1969 – Angie Everhart, American model and actress
• 1969 – Diane Farr, American actress (Numb3rs)
• 1969 – Rudy Galindo, American skater figure
• 1970 – Tom Everett Scott, American actor
• 1970 – Gino Odjick, Canadian ice hockey player
• 1971 – Briana Scurry, American soccer player
• 1972 – Jason Isringhausen, American baseball player
• 1972 – Slug, American rapper (Atmosphere)
• 1973 – Shannon Elizabeth, American actress
• 1974 – Mario Frick, Liechtensteiner footballer
• 1974 – Antonio McDyess, American basketball player
• 1975 – Harold Wallace, Costa Rican footballer
• 1975 – Norifumi Abe, Japanese motorcycle road racer (d. 2007)
• 1976 – Oliver Hudson, American actor
• 1977 – Nora Greenwald, American professional wrestler
• 1977 – Gianluca Grava, Italian footballer
• 1977 – Jon Macken, British Footballer
• 1978 – Matt Cooke, Canadian ice hockey player
• 1978 – Devon Sawa, Canadian actor
• 1978 – Erwin Koen, Dutch footballer
• 1979 – Pavol Hochschorner and Peter Hochschorner – Slovak slalom canoers
• 1979 – Brian Stokes, American baseball player
• 1979 – Owen Pallett, Canadian musician (Final Fantasy)
• 1979 – Paul Mara, American ice hockey player
• 1980 – Mark Prior, American baseball player
• 1980 – Gabriel Milito, Argentine footballer
• 1980 – Javad Nekounam, Iranian footballer
• 1980 – Sara Carrigan, Australian cyclist
• 1981 – Paul McCoy, American musician (lead singer of 12 Stones)
• 1981 – Gökhan Zan, Turkish footballer
• 1982 – Andre Dirrell, American boxer
• 1983 – Pops Mensah-Bonsu, British basketball player
• 1983 – Annette Dytrt, German skater figure
• 1983 – Philip Deignan, Irish cyclist
• 1983 – Mehmet Topuz, Turkisher footballer
• 1984 – Vera Zvonareva, Russian tennis player
• 1984 – Farveez Maharoof, Sri Lankan cricketer
• 1985 – Rafinha, Brazilian footballer
• 1985 – Adam Eckersley, English footballer
• 1986 – Colin Delaney, American professional wrestler
• 1987 – Evan Rachel Wood, American actress
• 1987 – Aleksandra Wozniak, Canadian tennis player
• 1988 – Kevin Love, American basketball player
• 1990 – Tanja Kolbe, German ice dancer
• 1990 – Alex Harvey, Canadian cross country skier

Deaths

• 355 – Claudius Silvanus, Roman usurper
• 1151 – Geoffrey of Anjou (b. 1113)
• 1312 – King Ferdinand IV of Castile (b. 1285)
• 1496 – King Ferdinand II of Naples (b. 1469)
• 1552 – Guru Angad Dev, second Sikh Guru (b. 1504)
• 1559 – Robert Estienne, French printer (b. 1503)
• 1632 – Emperor Susenyos of Ethiopia (b. 1572)
• 1644 – Guido Bentivoglio, Italian statesman (b. 1579)
• 1654 – Yom-Tov Lipmann Heller, Bohemian rabbi (b. 1579)
• 1655 – François Tristan l'Hermite, French dramatist (b. 1601)
• 1657 – Arvid Wittenberg, Swedish count, field marshal and privy councilor (b. 1606)
• 1708 – Tekle Haymanot I of Ethiopia (b. 1706)
• 1719 – John Harris, English writer
• 1729 – William Burnet, British-born American statesman (b. 1688)
• 1799 – Louis Guillaume Lemonnier, French botanist (b. 1717)
• 1809 – Buddha Yodfa Chulaloke, King of Thailand (b. 1737)
• 1840 – Étienne-Jacques-Joseph-Alexandre MacDonald, French marshal (b. 1765)
• 1871 – Kimenzan Tanigorō, Japanese sumo wrestler, the 13^th Yokozuna (b. c. 1826)
• 1881 – Sidney Lanier, American writer (b. 1842)
• 1891 – Lorenzo Sawyer, 9th Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of California (b. 1820)
• 1892 – John Greenleaf Whittier, American poet (b. 1807)
• 1910 – William Holman Hunt, British painter (b. 1827)
• 1920 – Simon-Napoléon Parent, politician, premier of the province of Quebec (b. 1855)
• 1921 – Alfred William Rich, watercolor painter (b. 1856)
• 1939 – Kyōka Izumi, Japanese novelist (b. 1873)
• 1943 – J. P. Morgan, Jr., American financier (b. 1867)
• 1949 – José Clemente Orozco, Mexican painter (b. 1883)
• 1951 – Maria Montez, Dominican actress (b. 1912)
• 1954 – Bud Fisher, American cartoonist (b. 1885)
• 1959 – Maurice Duplessis, Québec Prime Minister (b. 1890)
• 1962 – Eiji Yoshikawa, Japanese novelist (b. 1892)
• 1962 – Kirsten Flagstad, Norwegian singer (b. 1895)
• 1962 – Karen Blixen, Danish author (b. 1885)
• 1962 – Graham Walker, British motorcycle racer (b. 1897)
• 1965 – Catherine Dale Owen, American actress (b. 1900)
• 1971 – Spring Byington, American actress (b. 1886)
• 1978 – Keith Moon, English drummer (The Who) (b. 1946)
• 1982 – Ken Boyer, American baseball player (b. 1931)
• 1984 – Joe Cronin, American baseball manager and executive (b. 1906)
• 1990 – A. J. P. Taylor, English historian, (b. 1906)
• 1990 – Earle E. Partridge, United States Air Force general (b. 1900)
• 1991 – Edwin McMillan, American physicist (b. 1907)
• 1994 – James Clavell, Australian-born American author (b. 1924)
• 1994 – Dennis Morgan, American actor (b. 1908)
• 1994 – Godfrey Quigley, British actor (b. 1923)
• 1994 – Terence Young, British film director (b. 1915)
• 1997 – Mobutu Sese Seko, dictator of Zaire (b. 1930)
• 1997 – Elisabeth Brooks, Canadian actress (b. 1951)
• 1999 – Jim Keith, American conspiracy theorist (b. 1949)
• 2001 – Spede Pasanen, Finnish television personality (b. 1930)
• 2001 – Billie Lou Watt, American actress (b. 1924)
• 2002 – Cyrinda Foxe, American model (b. 1952)
• 2002 – Katrin Cartlidge, British actress (b. 1961)
• 2002 – Erma Franklin, American singer (b. 1938)
• 2002 – Uziel Gal, Israeli firearm designer (b. 1923)
• 2003 – The Great Antonio, Canadian eccentric (b. 1925)
• 2003 – Warren Zevon, American musician (b. 1947)
• 2004 – Bob Boyd, American baseball player (b. 1925)
• 2005 – Sergio Endrigo, Italian singer (b. 1933)
• 2005 – Hope Garber, Canadian actress (b. c. 1924)
• 2008 – Dino Dvornik, Croatian singer (b. 1964)
• 2008 – Don Haskins, American College Basketball coach (b. 1930)
• 2008 – Nagi Noda, Japanese pop artist and director (b. 1973)
• 2008 – Ilarion Ciobanu, Romanian actor (b. 1931)

Holidays and observances

• Christian Feast Day:
  • Anastasius the Fuller
  • Clodoald
  • Gratus of Aosta
  • Regina
  • September 7 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)
• Independence day, celebrates the independence of Brazil from Portugal in 1822.
• National Threatened Species Day (Australia)
• Pakistani Air Force Day since 1971. (Pakistan)
• Victory Day (Mozambique)

External links

• BBC: On This Day
• The New York Times: On This Day
• On This Day in Canada